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%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{jennilee}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (tabi-tabi-uses.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jennilee)
  /Subject (TABI TABI USES Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{TABI TABI USES Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jennilee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/202026/cs/48456/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jennilee \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jennilee} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 23rd September, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.50372 cm} x{1.46195 cm} p{0.54301 cm} p{0.66832 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{時（とき） vs 旅}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{時（とき） — "when / at the time"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Main patterns}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}時 identifies a time, situation, or stage in which something happens. It does not inherently mean repetition. & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Deeper nuance}}: 時 puts a \seqsplit{time/situation} frame around the main action. & \{\{bt=2\}\} &  \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
"At the time when X…" & Pattern & \seqsplit{Example} & \seqsplit{Meaning} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
 & Vる + 時 & \seqsplit{行く時} & when going \tn 
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 & Vた + 時 & \seqsplit{行った時} & when I don't go \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
 & Vない + 時 & \seqsplit{行かない時} & when I don't go \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & い-adj + 時 & \seqsplit{忙しい時} & when busy \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
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\SetRowColor{white}
 & な-adj + な + 時 & \seqsplit{暇な時} & when free \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & N + の + 時 & \seqsplit{子供の時} & when I was a child \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.50372 cm} x{1.46195 cm} p{0.54301 cm} p{0.66832 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{時（とき） vs 旅 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{c日本に行く時、連絡してください。Please} contact me when you go to Japan.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{日本に行った時、彼に会いました。When} I went to Japan, I met him.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{忙しい時は、あまり電話しません。When} I'm busy, I don't call much.} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{NOTE: \newline  \newline X時 → Y \newline  \newline It can describe: \newline  \newline one specific occasion \newline a repeated/general situation \newline a period of life \newline a condition/state \newline  \newline So 時 does NOT automatically mean "every time."}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\seqsplit{たび（度）／たびに}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{たび（度）／たびに — "every time / whenever"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{毎回（まいかい） — "every time / every single occasion"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{🔥 毎回 vs たびに}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}Each time X happens / on every occasion that X occurs & \{\{bt=2\}\}毎回 = every occasion / every single time & \{\{bt=2\}\}They can both mean "every time," but their structure and feeling differ. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
The important idea is repeated occasions. & It is a noun/adverb meaning every time, and it emphasizes that each occasion is included. & 毎回  Focuses on each occasion itself. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
たび is not really "time" in the clock sense.  It is closer to:  occasion / instance / occurrence & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pattern: Vる + たびに & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{毎回同じ店に行きます。}  I go to the same restaurant every time. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 6)
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\seqsplit{たび（度）／たびに} (cont)}}  \tn
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N + の + たびに & \{\{ar\}\} & =It emphasizes the \seqsplit{frequency/consistency}. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\seqsplit{日本に行くたびに、写真を撮ります。Every} time I go to Japan, I take pictures. & \seqsplit{毎回、遅刻します。I'm} late every time. & たびに  Usually connects an event to what happens as a result of that event. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
=Literally, it's closer to:  "On each occasion of \seqsplit{traveling…"} & \seqsplit{彼は毎回同じことを言います。He} says the same thing every time. & Whenever X happens → Y happens \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{彼に会うたびに、元気になります。Every} time I see him, I feel better. & \seqsplit{毎回、ありがとうございます。Thank} you every time. / Thank you as always. & \seqsplit{その店に行くたびに、新しい料理を試します。}  Every time I go to that restaurant, I try a new dish. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 10)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
=This has a nice emotional nuance: It's almost like X is a trigger for Y. & \{\{ar\}\} & So たびに is especially useful when you want to show a repeated relationship between two events. \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 8)
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\seqsplit{たび（度）／たびに} (cont)}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{この曲を聞くたびに、昔を思い出します。Every} time I hear this song, I remember the past. & \{\{ar\}\} & Compare: \tn 
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=The song repeatedly triggers the memory. & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{毎回、彼に会います。}  I meet him every time. \tn 
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 &  & Focus = every occasion \tn 
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 &  & \seqsplit{彼に会うたびに、楽しくなります。}  Every time I meet him, I become happier. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & Focus = meeting him → emotional change \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ごとに（毎に） All Main Uses}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ごとに（毎に）}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{🌟 Core idea  ごとに has one central image: "Take X as a separate unit, and consider/do something for EACH X."} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{So the basic feeling is:  X → X → X → X each X gets its own treatment/result} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Depending on what X is, this produces different English translations: every; each; for each; per; at intervals of; from one X to another} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{USES}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{1. N + ごとに = "every / each N"}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}This is the most basic use. The important idea is each individual unit.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{🧠 The deeper meaning  Don't memorize:  ごとに = every ❌} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Instead memorize:  ごとに {\bf{= EACH UNIT IS TREATED SEPARATELY ✅}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{店ごとに値段が違います。Prices} differ from store to store.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{人ごとに考え方が違います。Each} person has a different way of thinking.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{国ごとに文化が違います。Culture} differs from country to country.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{～たとたん（に） vs ～瞬間（に）}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{たとたん = "Just as X happened, suddenly Y happened!" ⚡}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}Pattern: Vた + とたん（に）} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{=It has a strong feeling of suddenness / unexpected change.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{家を出たとたん、雨が降り始めた。The} moment I left the house, it started raining.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The image is: 家を出る → ⚡ BOOM! → 雨**} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{=You weren't necessarily expecting the rain.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{ドアを開けたとたん、猫が飛び出してきた。The} moment I opened the door, a cat suddenly jumped out.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{=The cat's appearance is sudden/unexpected.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{途中で vs 最中}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{途中で = 🛣️ "in the middle of the process / on the way"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{最中 = 🎯 "right in the middle of the activity"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Compare with 中（ちゅう）}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\emph{*"While X was happening…"}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}途中（とちゅう） = halfway / on the way / in the middle of a process & \{\{bt=2\}\}最中 = right in the middle of / in the midst of & \{\{bt=2\}\}中 = currently doing X & \{\{bt=2\}\}during that whole period \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Vる/Vている} + 途中で & The deeper idea:  The activity is actively happening RIGHT NOW, and something happens during that activity. It's more like putting a 🎯 around the middle of the action itself. & 最中 = right in the midst of X, often \seqsplit{highlighting} an event happening during it & ⏳ \seqsplit{throughout} the period that X \seqsplit{continues.} Something happens during that entire period or at some point within it. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 18)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{途中で vs 最中 (cont)}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
The deeper idea is:  You are moving from START → → → GOAL, and something happens before you reach the goal. & And usually, 最中に has a stronger feeling that something \seqsplit{interrupts} or occurs during the activity. & \{\{ar\}\} & Think of it as drawing a long line: \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
So 途中 focuses on the process or journey. & Pattern  N + の + 最中に & \seqsplit{食事中です。I'm} eating. / I'm having a meal. & A \seqsplit{━━━━━━━━━━━━━} B \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{Vている} + 最中に & \seqsplit{仕事中です。I'm} working. / I'm at work. & ← 間 → \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{学校へ行く途中で、友達に会った。I} met a friend on the way to school. & \seqsplit{食事の最中に、電話がかかってきた。Right} in the middle of the meal, I got a phone call. & {\bf{～最中}} & \seqsplit{日本にいる間、日本語を勉強します。While} I am in Japan, I study Japanese. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{途中で vs 最中 (cont)}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Mental picture:  家 🏠 → 🚶 → 👋 friend → 🏫 school & =The meal is actively \seqsplit{happening:} The phone \seqsplit{interrupts} it. & \seqsplit{仕事の最中に電話が来た。A} phone call came right in the middle of my work. & 🇯🇵 Japan stay = the time period \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
=You haven't reached school yet. & \seqsplit{会議をしている最中に、地震が起きた。Right} in the middle of the meeting, an \seqsplit{earthquake} happened. & \{\{ar\}\} & Japanese study happens during that period. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 12)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{映画を見る途中で、寝てしまった。I} fell asleep partway through the movie. & =The meeting is currently in progress. & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{途中で vs 最中 (cont)}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
You're talking about being partway through the process. & \seqsplit{映画を見ている最中に、電話が鳴った。}  → Right in the middle of watching the movie, the phone rang. & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{本を読んでいる途中で、寝てしまった。I} fell asleep partway through reading a book.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{NOTE:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{途中 can also mean "unfinished"}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{仕事の途中です。I'm} partway through my work.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{The hidden idea is: START → {[}途中{]} → FINISH} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{So 途中 naturally connects with unfinished progress.} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 0)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{最中 doesn't necessarily mean halfway}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{食事の最中 doesn't mean you're literally halfway through your meal.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{It means:  the meal is currently underway} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{So:    最中 = "in the midst of"} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{間（あいだ） vs ～うちに}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{間 = ⏳ "throughout that period"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{うちに = 🪟 "before that situation changes / while the opportunity still exists"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{うちに PATTERNS}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}間 = the whole period between A and B & \{\{bt=2\}\}うちに = while the current situation is still true / before it changes & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Something happens during that entire period or at some point within it. & 🪟 NOW → {[}window of opportunity{]} → CHANGE & い-adj + うちに \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
N + の + 間 & "Do X while you still can / before the current condition disappears." & N + の + うちに \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Vている + 間 &  & な-adj + な + うちに \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & \seqsplit{Vる/ている} + うちに \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{間（あいだ） vs ～うちに (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{若い間、いろいろなことに挑戦(ちょうせん)したい。While} I'm young, I want to try various things. & \seqsplit{若いうちに、いろいろなことを経験したほうがいい。It's} better to experience various things while you're still young. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
You're describing the period of youth. & You're young NOW → you won't stay young → do it before that changes. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 💡 This is why うちに is extremely common with things like: & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{間 doesn't have this "gradual change" meaning}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Meaning ① "while still / before it changes"}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Another \seqsplit{super-important} difference: うちに can mean "without realizing it"}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{間（あいだ） vs ～うちに (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{友達と話している間、時間を忘れていた。} → While I was talking with my friend, I forgot about the time. & \seqsplit{忘れないうちに、メモしてください。Please} write it down before you forget. & \seqsplit{話しているうちに、時間が過ぎてしまった。While} we were talking, time passed before we knew it. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
This simply describes the period. & \seqsplit{暗くならないうちに帰りましょう。Let's} go home before it gets dark. & The feeling is: \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 7)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
But: & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Meaning ②: "while doing X, Y gradually happens"}} & 🗣️ talking... 🗣️ talking... 🗣️ talking.. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{友達と話しているうちに、仲良くなった。} → As we talked, we gradually became close. & Sometimes うちに doesn't mean that you \seqsplit{intentionally} take advantage of a limited opportunity. & 😳 "Wait, it's already late?!" \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{間（あいだ） vs ～うちに (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
=Here うちに emphasizes the change that happened during the process. & Instead:  While X continues, Y naturally changes. & That's very うちに. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{仕事をしている間、音楽を聞いていた。}  → While I was working, I listened to music. & \seqsplit{日本語を勉強しているうちに、日本の文化にも興味(きょうみ)が出てきた。While} studying Japanese, I gradually became interested in Japanese culture too. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 14)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Two actions coexist:  💼 Work + 🎵 Music & =You weren't necessarily thinking:  "Before I stop studying Japanese, I need to become interested in Japanese culture!" & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{間（あいだ） vs ～うちに (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Rather: & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 📚 Study Japanese ↓ & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 📚 Study more ↓ & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 🇯🇵 Gradually → "Hmm, Japanese culture is interesting!" & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & =So うちに can describe a natural change that happens while another state continues. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 7)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{日本語を勉強しているうちに、日本語の音楽が好きになった。} → While studying Japanese, I gradually came to like Japanese music. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 12)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{間（あいだ） vs ～うちに (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Y changed naturally while X continued. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{～きり（切り）}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Vた + きり}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{きり vs だけ}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{きり vs うちに}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{きり vs まま}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}This is subtle. & \{\{bt=2\}\}These can both involve time, but their direction is opposite. & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Meaning ① "X happened, and since then, the expected next thing has not happened."}} & だけ = \seqsplit{numerical/functional} \seqsplit{limitation} & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 11)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & きり = \seqsplit{exclusivity} / "just us and nobody else" feeling & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
The feeling is:  X → 🔒 STOP & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{きり = "since then…"}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Vた + きり + negative / unchanged state}} \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{～きり（切り） (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
きり creates a feeling of an \seqsplit{unfinished} \seqsplit{continuation.} & \seqsplit{二人だけで行きました。Only} the two of us went. & \seqsplit{日本に行ったきり、帰ってこない。}  → He went to Japan and hasn't come back since. & =何か happened → then nothing changed afterward \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{彼は日本に行ったきり、帰ってこない。He} went to Japan and hasn't come back since. & Focus:  Number = 2 (No more than 2) & The speaker looks:  PAST → NOW & きり = 🔒 after an event \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 10)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
The important part isn't simply:  He went to Japan.  It's:  He went → 🔒 {\bf{and that's where things stopped.}} & \seqsplit{二人きりで行きました。Just} the two of us went. / We went alone, just the two of us. & \seqsplit{=Something} happened, and the situation has remained \seqsplit{unchanged.} & \seqsplit{息子は朝から出かけたきり、帰ってこない。My} son went out this morning and hasn't come back. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 12)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{～きり（切り） (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{彼女から連絡が来たきり、何もない。She} contacted me once, and there has been nothing since. & This has a stronger feeling of:  {\bf{Two people together, with nobody else around.}} & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{彼は出て行ったきりだ。} He left and hasn't come back. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 0)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{"ONLY/JUST" N + きり = only N / nothing except N}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{だけ = only / just / as much as}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{うちに = "before then…"}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{～たまま}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 7)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
This use is close to だけ, but it has a stronger feeling of \seqsplit{"nothing/nobody} else." & The \seqsplit{fundamental} idea:  X is the limit. Nothing beyond X. & \seqsplit{日本にいるうちに、旅行したい。}  → I want to travel while I'm still in Japan. & =A state remains unchanged \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 10)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{二人きり} just the two of us & \seqsplit{水だけ飲みました。I} only drank water. & The speaker looks:  NOW → FUTURE & まま = 🔒 remaining in a state \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{～きり（切り） (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{今日は一人きりです。Today}, I'm all alone. & The \seqsplit{limitation} is:  Water ✅ Food ❌ Coffee ❌ Other things ❌ & This situation will \seqsplit{eventually} change. & \seqsplit{ドアを開けたまま寝た。} → I slept with the door left open. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{子供のころに会ったきり、会っていない。I} met them when I was a child, and haven't seen them since. & \seqsplit{これだけです。} That's all. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 12)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{🔒 Meeting = endpoint}}  We met once, and that was the last time. & Very literal feeling:  This → and nothing more. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 7)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{一度きりの人生です。This} is the one and only \seqsplit{occurrence}. & \seqsplit{一度だけ会いました。I} met him only once. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{～きり（切り） (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
This feels more like:  This is the one and only \seqsplit{occurrence}. & This simply means:  1 time, not 2 or 3. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
So \seqsplit{一度きり} often has a stronger sense of \seqsplit{uniqueness} / no second chance. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}