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GARU GARU Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

がる　vs 柄ない がる　vs 柄ない がる　vs 柄ない

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

～たい vs ～がる

🌱 ～たい vs ～がる vs ～がらない
～たい = MY desire 💭
～がる = SOMEONE'S visible reacti­on/­desire 👀
～がらない = SOMEONE does not show that reacti­on/­desire 🙅
ます + たい = “want to…”
ます + たい + がっている = “(Someone) want to…”
～がらない "Does not want to"
The key: I have a desire inside me.
～がる = “show signs of wantin­g/f­eel­ing…” “to show outward signs of an internal feeling.”
～がらない = don't show that feeling
日本に行きたい。I want to go to Japan.
～がっている = showing the feeling now
So たがらない is often stronger than simply saying “doesn't want.”
 
You generally don't use ～たい to directly state another person's internal desire as a simple fact.
What about ～たい used for other people?
彼は日本に行­きたが­っている。He wants to go to Japan. / He seems to want to go to Japan.
子供が野菜を­食べた­がらな­い。The child doesn't want to eat vegeta­bles.
REPORTED SPEECH
行きたがる = show signs of wanting to go
彼は帰りたがらない。 “He doesn't want to go home / He shows no desire to go home.”
彼は行きたい­と言っている。 → He says he wants to go.
彼は人前で話­すのを­嫌がる。He dislikes speaking in front of people. / He tends to dislike it.
OBSERVABLE SPEECH
彼は行きたが­っている。 → He is showing that he wants to go.
もっと:

寒がり = Being sensitive to the cold
"­寒がりですか。
暑がり = Being sensitive to the heat
怖がり = Being easily frightened

～がり

The ～がり here is exactly the same ～がる pattern we just discussed: it turns an internal sensation like 寒い into a charac­ter­istic of how someone tends to react to it.
例：
  
NUANCE
DEEPER MEANING
寒がりです
I get cold easily
⭐ Most natural for a personal tendency
私は寒がりだ­から、­冬はい­つも厚­着(あ­つぎ)します。 I'm sensitive to the cold, so I always dress warmly in winter.
寒さに弱いです
I'm sensitive to cold/ I don't handle cold well
More literal: “I'm weak against cold”
寒さに敏感です
I'm sensitive to cold
More formal­/li­teral; less conver­sat­ional
冷えやすいです
I get cold easily
Especially about your body/h­and­s/feet getting cold
 
寒がり vs 寒気
寒い → 寒がる → 寒がり
寒気（さむけ）＝「a chill」
cold → show that you're cold → a person who tends to feel cold
This is a sensation in your body.
=It describes a person's charac­ter­istic.
寒気がする。I feel a chill. / I have chills.
私は寒がりで­す。I'm sensitive to the cold / I get cold easily. You're basically saying: "My body/p­ers­onality tends to react to cold easily."
急に寒気がし­てきた。I suddenly started feeling chills.
 
This can happen because you're cold, tired, or sometimes because you're getting sick.

てほしい

All three use ～て + someone receives an action:
POLITE EQUIVA­LENT:
～てほしい → CASUAL “I want you to do it.”
～てもらいたい → POLITE “I would like to have you do it for me.”
～ていただきたい → SUPER POLITE“I would like to have you do it for me.” (very polite­/hu­mble)
～てくれる = ACTUAL FAVOR “do something for me/us”
NOTE: Another polite equivalent of the above are させてほしい and させてもらいたい. These are the same meaning as してもらって­もいい­ですか。But this is a more polite way.
～てほしい = I want you to...
～てもらいたい = I would like you to do...
～ていただきたい = I would like you to... 🙇
～てくれる = “do something for me/us”
Person に + Vてほしい
Person に + Vてもらいたい
Person に + Vていただきたいです
Person が/は + Vて + くれる
The important thing is: I → want → YOU → to do something
Literally, the structure is: I receiv­e/o­btain the favor of you doing X
ていただきたい → I would humbly like to receive that favor
Someone does something, and I/us receive the benefit.
Directly expresses your desire for another person to do something.
You're focusing on receiving the benefi­t/favor of someone's action.
Think of it as: YOU → 🎁 → ME
⚠️ Even with です, ～てほしい can sound fairly direct because you're directly saying what you want the other person to do.
So くれる adds the speaker's perspe­ctive of receiving a favor.
もう少しゆっ­くり話­してほ­しいです。I want you to speak a little more slowly.
てもらいたい → I would like to receive that favor
先生に説明し­ていた­だきた­いです。I would like the teacher to explain it.
友達が手伝っ­てくれた。My friend helped me.
先生に説明し­てほし­いです。I want the teacher to explain it.
先生に説明し­てもら­いたいです。I would like the teacher to explain it to me.
この書類を確­認して­いただ­きたいです。I would like to ask you to check this document.
The important feeling is not simply “my friend helped.”
It's: My friend did something FOR ME. That's the heart of くれる.

～ふりをする­（振りをする）

ふりをする = act as if / pretend to be/do something
The key idea is “make your outward behavior look like X, even though reality may be differ­ent.”
Think: Reality 😐 → 🎭 outward appearance → “I look like X”
So ふり = appearance / behavior that makes it seem that way. You create a false appearance through your behavior.
(N の ふりをする = pretend to be N
② Vる ふりをする = pretend to do
③ Vない ふりをする = pretend NOT to do / pretend not to know
🔥 ふり vs ように見える
     
ように見える = 👀 seems/­looks like
     
ふり = 🎭 intent­ional acting
知らない人の­ふりを­する。­Pretend to be a stranger.
なんで聞こえ­ないふ­りをし­ている­の？Why are you pretending not to hear me?
知らないふり­をする­。Pr­etend not to know.
彼は寝ている­ふりを­している。He is pretending to be asleep.
彼は学生のふ­りをし­ている。He is pretending to be a student.
彼は寝るふり­をして­、話を­聞いて­いた。He pretended to sleep while listening to the conver­sation.
なんで聞こえ­ないふ­りをし­ている­の？Why are you pretending not to hear me?
=The person is delibe­rately acting.
 
彼は何もなか­ったふ­りをし­ている。e's acting as if nothing happened.
彼は私に気づ­いてい­たのに­、気づ­かない­ふりを­した。Even though he had noticed me, he pretended not to notice me.
彼は寝ている­ように­見える。He looks like he is sleeping.
 
 
 
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